Porosity
Only materials with interconnected porosity will allow for 3-D regeneration of bone as opposed to creeping substitution. Additionally, increased porosity has been shown to lead to higher fusion rates. Vitoss is the most highly porous calcium-phosphate on the market (90% porous).
Bioactivity
Only on Vitoss BA products
Bioactivity leads to stronger, more abundant bone growth in a shorter period of time through the release of cell-activating ions (Si, Na, and CA
2) that stimulate:
Chemistry
Chemistry affects the rate of resorption. Ideally, bone grafts should resorb as new bone forms in a physiologic time frame. Vitoss is composed of β-TCP and is stable at physiologic pH. It resorbs during the natural remodeling process of bone. Evidence suggests that β-TCP resorbs in the most relevant time frame in comparison to hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium sulfate (CaS).
Structure
Despite having similar chemistries, many products perform poorly due to sub-optimal structure. Vitoss has an open-interconnected structure that facilitates 3-D bone regeneration and is composed of nano-particle contruction, allowing for physiologically relevent cell mediated resorption.
